Lesson two

Four Choices for Young People

Part one 单词双解及例句

Skepticism  n. doubt, dislike of believing without certainty 怀疑态度e.g. They show skepticism towards the government .他们对政府持怀疑态度.

skeptical adj.  unwilling to believe, distrustful  怀疑的,不相信的

e.g. We’ve skeptical about his motive .我们对他的动机表示怀疑．　

Skeptic n. a skeptical person 怀疑者　

e.g. The skeptics gathered on the square.怀疑者聚集在广场上．　

Contemporary adj belonging to the same time 同时代的

e.g. Dickens was contemporary with Thackeray. 狄更斯与萨克雷属于同一时代．N.person contemporary with another 同时代人

e.g. Jack and I were contemporary at colle.g. e.杰克与我同时读大学

Expedient n. plan,　action　有利的行为，权宜之计 adj. to be useful to war governments do things because they are expedient.战时政府做一些事情，是因其有利．

Expedience n. suitability for a purpose 适宜，有利，利己

e.g. Act from expedience, not from principle.因有利而行事，而非根据原则．

Brutal adj. cruel 残忍的　

e.g. brutal behavior 残忍的行为　

brutality n, cruelty 残忍

e.g. He was brutalized by his former experience .以前的经历使他变得残忍．

Brute n. a cruel person 残忍的人　

e.g. We all wait to punish the brute .我们都想惩罚那个残忍的人．　

Distasteful adj. disagreeable, unpleasant 讨厌的，令人不愉快的

e.g. It is so distasteful to me to have to say this.　我不得不这样说，使我很不愉快.  

Distaste n. dislike 厌恶

e.g. He turned away in distaste.　他厌恶的走开了．

Migration n. migrating 迁移，移民　

e.g. A huge migration of people went to U.S.A.  大量移民涌至美国．　

Migrate v. move from one place to another 迁移，移居

e.g. The birds migrate from the north to the south.　鸟从北方迁到南方.

Migratory adj having the habit of migrating 有迁移习惯的，漂泊的.

 e.g. migratory birds 候鸟　migratory tribes 游牧部落

migrant n. one that migrates, esp. a bird 移居者，候鸟. 

Tedious adj. tiresome, uninteresting 沉闷的，乏味的，厌烦的

e.g. tedious work 乏味的工作

tedium n. boredom 单调，乏味．

Symbolize v. make use of a symbol or symbols for 象征，以符号表示 e.g. Dove symbolizes peace. 鸽子象征和平．

symbolization n. symbol n sign,　mark 符号，象征

e.g. Red is the symbol of revolution. 红色是革命的象征.

Symbolic adj. using a symbol 象征的

e.g. The power of Mikado in Japan is symbolic. 日本天皇的权利是象征性的.

Symbolism n. representation of ideas by the use of symbols 象征意义 simplicity n. the state of being simple 简单，朴实，朴素

e.g. speak with simplicity 平实的说话　

simplify v. make simple 简化e.g. That will simplify my task .那将简化我的工作．

Simple adj. easily done, plain　简单的，朴实的　

e.g. a simple task 简单的工作 disillusionment n. freedom from illusions 醒悟，幻想破灭

e.g. in a state of complete disillusionment 彻底自幻想中醒悟 disillusion v. set free from mistaken beliefs 使觉醒，使幻想破灭　

e.g. They had thought that the new colony would be a paradise, but they were soon disillusioned. 他们原以为新殖民地是一个天堂，但不久便从这幻想中觉醒了．

Disillusioned adj. disappointed 大是所望．

e.g. She is disillusioned with her friends. 她对朋友大失所望．

Accomplish v. succeed in doing finish successfully　成功完成

e.g. a man who will never accomplish anything 永远一事无成的人 accomplishment n. completion 完成

glamour n. charm 魅力

e.g. glamour of moonlight 迷人的月光

glamorous adj. full of charm 有魅力的

e.g. glamorous singers 有魅力的歌星　

exasperate v. irritate, make ill feeling 激怒，引起愤怒

e.g. It is exasperating to fail the exam .考试不及格令人恼火．

e.g. He shouted in exasperation. 他愤怒地大喊.

Irrationality n. quality of being unreasonable 不合理

irrational 没有道理的, 不合逻辑的

irrationalize v. make illogical 使不合理

presumably adv. Can or may be presumed 可推测

e.g. He knows, presumably, how to deal with such things.他应该知道怎样处理这类事情. 

Presume v. suppose to be true 假定, 推测

e.g. Let’s presume that what she has told the truth .我们姑前认为他说的是真话.

presumption n. presuming something to be true 假定, 推测

e.g. Presumption is not reality. 设想不等于现实.

Presumable adj. that may be presumed 可推测的

e.g. The presumable result is an election defeat. 推测结果是可能竞选失败. 

Part two 课文注释

1.      He speaks for a lot of his contemporaries.  A lot of students contemporary with him at colle.g. e have the same ideas with him. Their attitude might be summed up about like this.  sum up : express briefly ,from a judgment of 总结  e.g. ① the teacher summed up the result of the exam.老师总结了考试结果.② He quickly summed her up. 他很快对她下了评论. These conclusions strike me as reasonable.

2.      Drop out :give up, withdraw 放弃，退出. e.g. ①John dropped out of the basketball team. 约翰不参加篮球对了 . ② We should help those who drop out of university because of economic reasons.我们应该帮助那些由于经济原因从大学退学者.

3.      Its parishioners batten on the society. batten on: thrive at the expense of others   损及某人而自肥 e.g. The capitalists batten on the blood of the workers .资本家靠榨取工人的血汗来养肥自己. This strate.g. y also has ancient antecedents. This is not the first time we use this method. We had the familiar strate.g. ies in the old times.

4.      to contribute something to the general community  contribute  … to…  : help ,donate 贡献,捐献 e.g. ① they contribute money to the Red Cross. 他们向红十字会捐钱. ② We should contribute to the development of the country.我们应该为国家的发展作贡献.

5.      Whose revolution did not come off .come off :happen, succeed 发生,成功 e.g. ① The sports meet comes off tomorrow.明天举行运动会. ② Did our experiment come off ?你的实验成功了吗?

6.      Some clearly do change things for the better. do是助动词,起强调作用.e.g. ① We do want to help you. 我们确实是要帮助你. ② He did finish the work on time .他的确是准时完成了工作.

7.      Cleansed of all human meanness is cleansed of: get rid of, make clean 去掉 e.g. Cleanse ones mind of bourgeois ideology.清除头脑里的资产阶级思想

8.      The economic machinery had broken down… break down: become useless, collapse 损坏, 破裂 e.g. ①The bus broke down half way .半路汽车出毛病了. ②Ne.g. otiations have broken down.谈判已破裂.

9.      of keeping our cities from becoming uninhabitable keep…off …后加doing e.g. ①They kept him from carrying on the plan.  他们阻止他实施计划. ②Keep the children from swimming in the river. 别让孩子到和里游泳.